Christmas
is finally the event, what else is always so special ... but it's just a day like any other. this morning was brief and with my little brother in the star-canter, again because he wanted to buy something. after that I was eating lunch with my grandma. was beautiful. my uncle and my aunt were also there. 've talked quite a while with my uncle. He has in fact Saturday's football on both ankle straps torn, and the third is touched, and thus he can not run.
was last night in Berlin with Thomas. 've got a blouse get. then I'm first in times of new ads apartment from my father was. seen up to now not bad looking ..
but maybe that's just different from us ..
'll first go down to the kitchen because the living room so I can not!
Wednesday, December 24, 2003
Wednesday, December 10, 2003
Black Pink And White Gums
lecture
lecture bulb
Structure:
· General
· History
· construction, function
· Why light bulbs are gas filled
first General
The light bulb is an artificial electric light source that is switched on and off as desired. It applies in all areas of interior and exterior lighting, in living rooms and shop windows, traffic facilities and sports fields. Sometimes it is as well as special lighting, such as used as a studio and stage lighting, the camera optics and the main transport and signal lamp.
second History
you think of the inventor of the light bulb, is presumed to have universal inventor Thomas Alva Edison (1847-1931) called the father of the bulb. But it was the emigrant to America German watchmaker Heinrich Goebel (1818-1893) of Spring, in 1854 the first burning light bulb designed - Edison was then only 7 years old.
the time of the revolution in 1848 emigrated Heinrich Goebel, a precision engineer from Hanover, to America. He settled in New York down with an optician and watchmaker's shop and focused way of enthusiasm with the electric light.
Goebel took his workshop in a good light. So it melted first a charred bamboo filament in an evacuated glass globe and provided them with electricity from a battery - that was the first light bulb! Goebel, however, developed his invention no further, because it then no reliable power source was available. Apparently the battery has only infrequently given current so that its flickering lamp only.
1854 Heinrich Goebel built the first permanent burning bulb. He used a carbonized bamboo filament fibers and evacuated glass flask by filling it with mercury, this then allowed to flow out and the piston then zuschmolz. As Power, he was on galvanic elements, so batteries need.
why the previous attempt failed. Why not spread
this invention? If today tersely says, "but the power comes from a tap", so that was just not for this time. Power lines in the homes were still far off, the power from the batteries to be impractical. Goebel lamps are illuminated with his shop window. Otherwise, his invention was a curiosity in passing. You might have been even completely forgotten, but in 1893 a company strenuous competition to Edison to a process to bring its patents for the carbon filament light bulbs to case. And here was the then 75-year Goebel again on and proved that even he could not establish a functioning carbon filament lamps.
Thomas Alva Edison
also known as The Wizard of Menlo Park
The electric incandescent light is about to introduce maturity, Thomas Alva Edison announced to the press without holding a really useful light bulb in his hands. He wanted to attract funding, which he needed for his development goal.
Edison realized that there was definitely an alternative to gas lighting requirements. Almost military precision, he joined the cause. He and his colleagues explored Glühfadenmaterialien, glass bulb and the other components. They figured the physical properties, which should have the lamp, carefully. Edison turned away from the first the platinum wire and realized that a very thin carbon filament would be suitable. After various attempts to produce such a thread, he had finally, on 10/19/1879 charred cotton yarn with success.
In Germany, the success stories of Edison were taken very cautiously, as shown by a report from 1880:
"The fact that Mr Edison is based more recently popular sensational news with obbligato gas joint-stock falling on a solid basis, must not be adopted without any further for several reasons .... As the Frankfurter Neue Presse tells a great house in Vienna has turned a telegram to New York, to obtain a truthful description of the much-talked-Edison lamp. This response is now available to us through cable, it is: So far, Edison's new lamp has been used even in private. He is sanguine and keeps the private tests carried out is crucial. Men of science doubt a practical end result "(Journal of Applied Electricity 2, 1880, p. 102)
Edison different from other experimenters who explored the tungsten, and by most other scientists of his time.. He had the economic exploitation of his inventions clearly in mind. And it was clear that the light bulb against the competition of the established gas lamp could prevail only if he could provide the necessary equipment as well.
were given power lines, switches, lamp holders and distributors as well as suitable dynamos. All these things were still nowhere available at this time. Moreover, all this had to be mature in practice.
The manufacturing process of the light bulb had to be improved so that the electric light was at most cost the same, better, cheaper than the gas light. As planned, he worked on all these issues. He created such as switches, where one by turning like a tap-in was the power and off. Or a thread for the bulb socket, which has been preserved exactly in this form to describe our current light bulbs.
Edison had set his mind against the overwhelming competition of its electric incandescent gas light to impose on the market and still play to make money.
First, he was not embarrassed to familiarize yourself with spectacular performances are incandescent in public. New Year's Eve 1879, he was already in the town of Menlo Park, where he had set up a big long building as his laboratory, a presentation of the new light that attracted thousands of onlookers.
The press, always eager already reported on the activities of the "Wizard of Menlo Park" did the rest in order to "Edison's light" to point.
A railway chief gave the order to equip Edison, the new great ocean liner "SS Columbia" with the new electric light. He was impressively and successfully build a complete system with several on the ship installed dynamos.
1881 on the Paris World Exhibition for Electricity Edison was an installation of thousands of his lamps. Hundreds of visitors got up to a light bulb again even with the rooster-shaped switch on the light and the twist.
1912 improved the tungsten lamp with the introduction of gas filling and wire coil again significantly. They consumed only the half performance against non-coiled lamps.
1934 could be lowered with the coiled coil power consumption by a further 20%. This was essentially the design found that the bulb is still there. Only the production could still be improved further on the path of mechanized mass production.
third Structure and function
the bulb is at first sight of a glass flask and a thread. The filament is made of a refractory metal, tungsten. This comes in a gas (noble gas-nitrogen mixture) filled glass bulb by passing electric current flowing for annealing, and thus brought to light emission (temperature of 2,500 ° C to 3,000 ° C). Its melting point is 3400 ° C. The filament is coiled twice, because the heat is held together in a confined space. Thus, the coiled heating wires on each other and the light bulb shines brighter than normal spirals, because the brighter lights, the higher their temperatures. The current is fed through the threaded socket and the foot contact. Only about 5% of the electrical power supplied is converted into light output, the remaining 95% of the ambient heat of the lamp. The light output of the bulb depends on size and type about 8 to 20 lm / W (lm = lumen, unit of luminous flux). The life of conventional incandescent lamps is about 1000 hours.
4th Why light bulbs are gas filled
The filament in the bulb is protected from oxidation by the glass bulb is pumped either evacuated or filled with a gas that does not react well at these high temperatures with the filament.
· Forcing the flask evacuated, the bulb is still not last very long, because the metal of the hot filament evaporates slowly. When located close to the melting point of the wire material temperature of the incandescent filament, single atoms from the leads emerge. Individual atoms are reflected in part on the inside of the glass down the piston as a thin, dark layer. Thus, the wire is always thin and then breaks through at one point.
· With a gas with a certain amount of pressure around the wire, the leakage of the metal atoms suspended from the wire surface and the evaporation is less. Today one uses inert gases with little pressure with a nitrogen addition (eg argon with approx. 10% nitrogen).
lecture bulb
Structure:
· General
· History
· construction, function
· Why light bulbs are gas filled
first General
The light bulb is an artificial electric light source that is switched on and off as desired. It applies in all areas of interior and exterior lighting, in living rooms and shop windows, traffic facilities and sports fields. Sometimes it is as well as special lighting, such as used as a studio and stage lighting, the camera optics and the main transport and signal lamp.
second History
you think of the inventor of the light bulb, is presumed to have universal inventor Thomas Alva Edison (1847-1931) called the father of the bulb. But it was the emigrant to America German watchmaker Heinrich Goebel (1818-1893) of Spring, in 1854 the first burning light bulb designed - Edison was then only 7 years old.
the time of the revolution in 1848 emigrated Heinrich Goebel, a precision engineer from Hanover, to America. He settled in New York down with an optician and watchmaker's shop and focused way of enthusiasm with the electric light.
Goebel took his workshop in a good light. So it melted first a charred bamboo filament in an evacuated glass globe and provided them with electricity from a battery - that was the first light bulb! Goebel, however, developed his invention no further, because it then no reliable power source was available. Apparently the battery has only infrequently given current so that its flickering lamp only.
1854 Heinrich Goebel built the first permanent burning bulb. He used a carbonized bamboo filament fibers and evacuated glass flask by filling it with mercury, this then allowed to flow out and the piston then zuschmolz. As Power, he was on galvanic elements, so batteries need.
why the previous attempt failed. Why not spread
this invention? If today tersely says, "but the power comes from a tap", so that was just not for this time. Power lines in the homes were still far off, the power from the batteries to be impractical. Goebel lamps are illuminated with his shop window. Otherwise, his invention was a curiosity in passing. You might have been even completely forgotten, but in 1893 a company strenuous competition to Edison to a process to bring its patents for the carbon filament light bulbs to case. And here was the then 75-year Goebel again on and proved that even he could not establish a functioning carbon filament lamps.
Thomas Alva Edison
also known as The Wizard of Menlo Park
The electric incandescent light is about to introduce maturity, Thomas Alva Edison announced to the press without holding a really useful light bulb in his hands. He wanted to attract funding, which he needed for his development goal.
Edison realized that there was definitely an alternative to gas lighting requirements. Almost military precision, he joined the cause. He and his colleagues explored Glühfadenmaterialien, glass bulb and the other components. They figured the physical properties, which should have the lamp, carefully. Edison turned away from the first the platinum wire and realized that a very thin carbon filament would be suitable. After various attempts to produce such a thread, he had finally, on 10/19/1879 charred cotton yarn with success.
In Germany, the success stories of Edison were taken very cautiously, as shown by a report from 1880:
"The fact that Mr Edison is based more recently popular sensational news with obbligato gas joint-stock falling on a solid basis, must not be adopted without any further for several reasons .... As the Frankfurter Neue Presse tells a great house in Vienna has turned a telegram to New York, to obtain a truthful description of the much-talked-Edison lamp. This response is now available to us through cable, it is: So far, Edison's new lamp has been used even in private. He is sanguine and keeps the private tests carried out is crucial. Men of science doubt a practical end result "(Journal of Applied Electricity 2, 1880, p. 102)
Edison different from other experimenters who explored the tungsten, and by most other scientists of his time.. He had the economic exploitation of his inventions clearly in mind. And it was clear that the light bulb against the competition of the established gas lamp could prevail only if he could provide the necessary equipment as well.
were given power lines, switches, lamp holders and distributors as well as suitable dynamos. All these things were still nowhere available at this time. Moreover, all this had to be mature in practice.
The manufacturing process of the light bulb had to be improved so that the electric light was at most cost the same, better, cheaper than the gas light. As planned, he worked on all these issues. He created such as switches, where one by turning like a tap-in was the power and off. Or a thread for the bulb socket, which has been preserved exactly in this form to describe our current light bulbs.
Edison had set his mind against the overwhelming competition of its electric incandescent gas light to impose on the market and still play to make money.
First, he was not embarrassed to familiarize yourself with spectacular performances are incandescent in public. New Year's Eve 1879, he was already in the town of Menlo Park, where he had set up a big long building as his laboratory, a presentation of the new light that attracted thousands of onlookers.
The press, always eager already reported on the activities of the "Wizard of Menlo Park" did the rest in order to "Edison's light" to point.
A railway chief gave the order to equip Edison, the new great ocean liner "SS Columbia" with the new electric light. He was impressively and successfully build a complete system with several on the ship installed dynamos.
1881 on the Paris World Exhibition for Electricity Edison was an installation of thousands of his lamps. Hundreds of visitors got up to a light bulb again even with the rooster-shaped switch on the light and the twist.
1912 improved the tungsten lamp with the introduction of gas filling and wire coil again significantly. They consumed only the half performance against non-coiled lamps.
1934 could be lowered with the coiled coil power consumption by a further 20%. This was essentially the design found that the bulb is still there. Only the production could still be improved further on the path of mechanized mass production.
third Structure and function
the bulb is at first sight of a glass flask and a thread. The filament is made of a refractory metal, tungsten. This comes in a gas (noble gas-nitrogen mixture) filled glass bulb by passing electric current flowing for annealing, and thus brought to light emission (temperature of 2,500 ° C to 3,000 ° C). Its melting point is 3400 ° C. The filament is coiled twice, because the heat is held together in a confined space. Thus, the coiled heating wires on each other and the light bulb shines brighter than normal spirals, because the brighter lights, the higher their temperatures. The current is fed through the threaded socket and the foot contact. Only about 5% of the electrical power supplied is converted into light output, the remaining 95% of the ambient heat of the lamp. The light output of the bulb depends on size and type about 8 to 20 lm / W (lm = lumen, unit of luminous flux). The life of conventional incandescent lamps is about 1000 hours.
4th Why light bulbs are gas filled
The filament in the bulb is protected from oxidation by the glass bulb is pumped either evacuated or filled with a gas that does not react well at these high temperatures with the filament.
· Forcing the flask evacuated, the bulb is still not last very long, because the metal of the hot filament evaporates slowly. When located close to the melting point of the wire material temperature of the incandescent filament, single atoms from the leads emerge. Individual atoms are reflected in part on the inside of the glass down the piston as a thin, dark layer. Thus, the wire is always thin and then breaks through at one point.
· With a gas with a certain amount of pressure around the wire, the leakage of the metal atoms suspended from the wire surface and the evaporation is less. Today one uses inert gases with little pressure with a nitrogen addition (eg argon with approx. 10% nitrogen).
Monday, December 8, 2003
Pinnacle Tvcenter Digital 4 Win 7 Driver
True friends
had even today in our present rap music, have put forward our blundi have to ne-song 2 get laughed because stub total by Jeffie and has its text not know. had previously given a different but (See below) because they thought that our blundi-song not emotional and politically ..
True friends tell me is it right
What we do here
something to criticize
What other friends!
It is what it is
You can not deny it
friends are there for you
And it was not you! No one there to comfort
You had no time
with my grief alone
Could I not far ..
Tell me is it right
Or is it wrong to promise you the friendship
me to stop?
But apparently it's not because you do not
help me leave
I stand here alone and
my glass full of pain.
I can not change
The thing is over
Now I stand again at the beginning
With the questioning!
had even today in our present rap music, have put forward our blundi have to ne-song 2 get laughed because stub total by Jeffie and has its text not know. had previously given a different but (See below) because they thought that our blundi-song not emotional and politically ..
True friends tell me is it right
What we do here
something to criticize
What other friends!
It is what it is
You can not deny it
friends are there for you
And it was not you! No one there to comfort
You had no time
with my grief alone
Could I not far ..
Tell me is it right
Or is it wrong to promise you the friendship
me to stop?
But apparently it's not because you do not
help me leave
I stand here alone and
my glass full of pain.
I can not change
The thing is over
Now I stand again at the beginning
With the questioning!
Blueprints For Wooden Toilet Holder
UNUSUAL @ 2003-12-08T18: 16:00
've just made everything ready for school tomorrow. was on the phone earlier on guitar and I with Isili. somehow keep my thoughts all the time at which depend what you (Trixie) have said this to me in music. I do not know if I have understood from steffen wrong or if he has just told me not! I do not know if he has lied to me I would totally .. somehow demeaning and I feel cheated .. hope this clears up, because that brings me pretty busy. 'll be right back going on, I have agreed with Thomas that is. hope we have nice evening NEN ..
back to the thing! that do not really want to write herein, but actually only 2 people know me anyway, one knows about it and the other (Isili smile at) but it will hopefully keep time for themselves .. or?
it goes to sleep with each other. write that in here, because for me this time very busy. although with realized is that I'm not ready for it. although I do when we're together and I so cling to him .. because I could devote all .. but I know that it would be wrong at the moment .. Just a feeling that says "no" and I think my head says "No". After all, my feelings and my head quite agree .. we (well, just at the moment) to my
: Friday trixili concert was the garde send. was okay, but it was just something different than usual Saturday game will have 5: won 22nd funny earlier we wanted to win and now we always say after every game ".. och; it would indeed have been better and we could have shed more gates .." was to myself not very happy, although I have made at least gaps and that js is ultimately important. have then been watching the women and the domains. have won both. Jeffie, Trixie, Laurie and I have spoken out in between (at least einbisschen). today everything was as usual, although I do not think that everything is settled. evening we were definitely still babysit for amelie. was pretty tired, but then when we got home, I was wide awake. on sunday me then picked up at 14.45 and birte steffen. have then picked up the others and still drove to the Christmas market in Potsdam. was actually quite funny .. was especially sonem bushes where to throw .. could not say yes to something like the handball and the others have to say that not really good. micha has I think 15 euro spent, because he wanted to sone teroskanne. who had no profit at all, got a rose. steffen've got his ..
najut I will then once or I'll come too late ..
see you all again tomorrow so ..
've just made everything ready for school tomorrow. was on the phone earlier on guitar and I with Isili. somehow keep my thoughts all the time at which depend what you (Trixie) have said this to me in music. I do not know if I have understood from steffen wrong or if he has just told me not! I do not know if he has lied to me I would totally .. somehow demeaning and I feel cheated .. hope this clears up, because that brings me pretty busy. 'll be right back going on, I have agreed with Thomas that is. hope we have nice evening NEN ..
back to the thing! that do not really want to write herein, but actually only 2 people know me anyway, one knows about it and the other (Isili smile at) but it will hopefully keep time for themselves .. or?
it goes to sleep with each other. write that in here, because for me this time very busy. although with realized is that I'm not ready for it. although I do when we're together and I so cling to him .. because I could devote all .. but I know that it would be wrong at the moment .. Just a feeling that says "no" and I think my head says "No". After all, my feelings and my head quite agree .. we (well, just at the moment) to my
: Friday trixili concert was the garde send. was okay, but it was just something different than usual Saturday game will have 5: won 22nd funny earlier we wanted to win and now we always say after every game ".. och; it would indeed have been better and we could have shed more gates .." was to myself not very happy, although I have made at least gaps and that js is ultimately important. have then been watching the women and the domains. have won both. Jeffie, Trixie, Laurie and I have spoken out in between (at least einbisschen). today everything was as usual, although I do not think that everything is settled. evening we were definitely still babysit for amelie. was pretty tired, but then when we got home, I was wide awake. on sunday me then picked up at 14.45 and birte steffen. have then picked up the others and still drove to the Christmas market in Potsdam. was actually quite funny .. was especially sonem bushes where to throw .. could not say yes to something like the handball and the others have to say that not really good. micha has I think 15 euro spent, because he wanted to sone teroskanne. who had no profit at all, got a rose. steffen've got his ..
najut I will then once or I'll come too late ..
see you all again tomorrow so ..
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